The following data describe a stainless steel hydrothermal autoclave reactor with a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) inner chamber. The instrument operates under controlled high‑temperature and high‑pressure conditions. All values are measured under the manufacturer's standard test conditions.

Technical Specifications

• Model: MASTER SCIENCE Hydrothermal Autoclave Reactor (PTFE chamber)

• Outer material: High‑quality 304 stainless steel (non‑magnetic)

• Inner chamber material: PTFE (Teflon) liner; optional PPL liner available for higher temperatures

• Operating temperature: 220°C (PTFE); PPL option extends to 280°C

• Working pressure: 3 MPa (gauge) (approximately 30 bar)

• Heating and cooling rate: 5°C per minute

• Sealing mechanism: Circular tenon groove with manual screw sealing; leak‑free operation

• Capacities available: 10ml, 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 200ml (larger sizes up to 1000ml may be available on request)

• Filling factor: Less than 0.8 (do not fill the PTFE liner completely)

• Temperature resistance (PTFE): Actual measurable temperature exceeds 220°C; safe operating temperature recommended ≤220°C

• Temperature resistance (PPL option): Actual measurable temperature exceeds 280°C; safe operating temperature recommended ≤280°C

• Ultra corrosion resistance: Resists strong acids, strong bases, aqua regia, and all organic solvents

• Low‑temperature resistance: –196°C (retains 5% of properties)

• Insulation resistance: Dielectric properties unaffected by temperature and frequency

• Friction coefficient: 0.04 (lowest among solid materials – self‑lubricating)

• Non‑hazardous: Physiologically inert; can be embedded in the human body (not for medical use)

• Anti‑pollution properties: Lead content < 10⁻¹¹ g/ml; uranium content < 10⁻¹² g/ml

• Leakproof design: Withstands a 1.2m drop without fracture, lid loosening, or leakage

• Construction: Durable, gas‑tight, elegant design, easy to operate

• Heating mode: External (multiple reactors can be placed in an oven simultaneously)

• Applications: Catalysis, crystal growth, polymer synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, sample digestion, heavy metal determination, materials research

Key benefits for laboratory researchers and purchasers

The specifications above translate into measurable improvements for any laboratory performing hydrothermal synthesis or sample digestion. Each point below connects a feature to a practical outcome.

True high‑temperature and high‑pressure operation – The PTFE liner withstands 220°C and 3MPa. For higher temperatures, the optional PPL liner reaches 280°C. Zeolite synthesis, nanoparticle growth, and crystal formation proceed reliably inside this sealed environment. The autogenous pressure generated at elevated temperatures accelerates reactions that would otherwise take days.

Corrosion resistance for aggressive chemicals – PTFE resists strong acids, strong bases, aqua regia, and all organic solvents. A laboratory digesting soil samples in concentrated nitric acid or hydrofluoric acid uses this vessel without fear of liner degradation. The 304 stainless steel outer shell remains unaffected by chemical spills or vapour exposure.

Leak‑proof sealing for hazardous materials – The circular tenon groove and manual screw sealing mechanism maintains a gas‑tight seal even under extreme conditions. A researcher working with toxic heavy metals or volatile organic solvents operates safely. The reactor withstands a 1.2m drop without breaking the seal – an important safety margin for busy laboratories.

Ultra‑low metal contamination for trace analysis – The PTFE liner has a lead content below 10⁻¹¹ g/ml and uranium content below 10⁻¹² g/ml. A laboratory measuring parts‑per‑billion levels of heavy metals uses this reactor for sample digestion without introducing contamination from the vessel itself. Trace element results reflect the sample, not the container.

Wide capacity range for flexible workflows – Capacities from 10ml to 200ml cover small‑scale screening reactions and larger preparative batches. A research group testing multiple catalyst formulations uses 10ml reactors. A quality control laboratory digesting food samples for heavy metal analysis uses 100ml or 200ml vessels. One ordering line supplies the entire laboratory.

External heating design for batch processing – Multiple reactors sit inside a standard laboratory oven simultaneously. Each reactor experiences the same temperature profile. A material scientist synthesising 20 different nanoparticle compositions heats them all in one oven run. Time and energy costs drop significantly.

Common frustrations with hydrothermal synthesis – and how this autoclave reactor solves them

Pain point: Leaks at high pressure ruin experiments.
A single leak during a 24‑hour digestion wastes the sample and damages the oven. The MASTER SCIENCE hydrothermal autoclave reactor with PTFE chamber (a 304 stainless steel pressure vessel with circular tenon groove sealing) maintains a gas‑tight seal up to 3MPa. The manual screw closure allows the operator to feel the correct torque. No special tools, no guesswork, no leaks.

Pain point: Metal contamination from the vessel affects trace analysis results.
Stainless steel digestion vessels release chromium, iron, and nickel into the sample. The same MASTER SCIENCE hydrothermal autoclave reactor with PTFE chamber (a chemically inert PTFE‑lined digestion vessel with metal content below 10⁻¹¹ g/ml) isolates the sample from the steel shell entirely. A laboratory measuring mercury in fish tissue or lead in drinking water obtains accurate results without blank correction.

Pain point: Limited temperature range restricts reaction types.
PTFE liners degrade above 240°C, blocking high‑temperature syntheses. The MASTER SCIENCE hydrothermal autoclave reactor with PTFE chamber (a PPL‑lined version supporting up to 280°C for advanced material synthesis) offers an optional PPL liner. Vanadium dioxide nanorods, high‑temperature zeolites, and certain metal‑organic frameworks require 260‑280°C. The PPL option enables these reactions without purchasing a separate, more expensive reactor.

Pain point: Seals fail after repeated thermal cycling.
The sealing surface wears out, causing leaks on the tenth or twentieth run. The MASTER SCIENCE hydrothermal autoclave reactor with PTFE chamber (featuring a self‑lubricating PTFE seal with a friction coefficient of 0.04) experiences minimal wear. The low friction coefficient means the seal slides smoothly during closure without abrasive damage. A laboratory running 100 digestions per year uses the same reactor for five years or more.

Pain point: No way to process multiple samples simultaneously.
Running one reaction at a time in a single autoclave is inefficient. The MASTER SCIENCE hydrothermal autoclave reactor with PTFE chamber (an externally heated design that fits multiple units inside a standard laboratory oven) solves this problem. Ten reactors of the same size sit on an oven shelf. Each receives identical heating. A pharmaceutical development lab screens 10 different catalyst concentrations in one afternoon instead of one per day.

Which laboratories and applications benefit most

Materials science and nanotechnology laboratories – Synthesise nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires, and metal‑organic frameworks. The 220°C temperature and 3MPa pressure create the supercritical or near‑supercritical conditions needed for controlled nucleation and growth.

Geochemistry and mineralogy laboratories – Digest rock, soil, and sediment samples for elemental analysis. The PTFE liner resists hydrofluoric acid, which is required for silicate digestion. The low metal blank ensures accurate rare earth element data.

Pharmaceutical and chemical development laboratories – Perform hydrothermal synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates. The small 10ml and 25ml reactors screen reaction conditions with minimal material consumption. The 200ml reactor scales up promising conditions for pilot studies.

Environmental testing laboratories – Digest food, wastewater, and biological samples for heavy metal determination (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic). The reactor meets the digestion requirements of atomic absorption spectrometry and ICP‑MS sample preparation.

Academic teaching laboratories – Demonstrate hydrothermal synthesis principles to undergraduate and graduate students. The robust stainless steel construction withstands student handling. The clear safety guidelines and leak‑proof design minimise classroom risks.

Zeolite and catalyst research groups – Synthesise zeolite A, ZSM‑5, SAPO‑34, and other microporous materials. The controlled hydrothermal environment produces crystalline products with reproducible framework structures and morphologies.

Physical configuration and daily operation

Reactor assembly – The PTFE liner sits inside the stainless steel shell. The operator fills the liner with the reaction mixture, ensuring the filling factor is less than 0.8. The lid screws onto the body using the circular tenon groove. Hand tightening is sufficient; no wrench is required.

Heating – Place the sealed reactor in a laboratory oven or heating block. Set the oven to the desired temperature. The heating rate should not exceed 5°C per minute. The reactor reaches thermal equilibrium, and the internal pressure rises due to the vapour pressure of the solvent.

Cooling – After the reaction time is complete, allow the oven to cool naturally or follow a controlled cooling program. The cooling rate should also not exceed 5°C per minute. Rapid cooling can stress the PTFE liner and the steel shell.

Opening – Ensure the internal temperature is below the boiling point of the solvent before opening. Remove the reactor from the oven. Unscrew the lid. Remove the PTFE liner and recover the product.

Cleaning – Wash the PTFE liner with an appropriate solvent. For stubborn residues, soak in dilute acid or base. Do not use metal brushes or abrasive pads, as these scratch the PTFE surface and create leak paths. Dry thoroughly before the next use.

Optional PPL liner for high‑temperature applications

For reactions requiring temperatures above 220°C and up to 280°C, the PTFE liner can be replaced with a PPL (para‑polyphenylene) liner. PPL maintains chemical inertness and mechanical strength at higher thermal thresholds where PTFE would soften and deform.

• PPL safe operating temperature: ≤280°C

• PPL working pressure: 3 MPa (same as PTFE version)

• Applications: Vanadium dioxide nanorod synthesis, high‑temperature zeolite crystallisation, metal oxide nanoparticle formation

When ordering, specify whether the PTFE or PPL liner is required.

Ordering information

Each reactor set includes:

• 304 stainless steel outer shell (non‑magnetic)

• PTFE or PPL inner liner (specify when ordering)

• Screw cap with circular tenon groove seal

• User manual with safety instructions

Standard capacities available: 10ml, 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 200ml. Larger capacities up to 1000ml may be available on request. 

The customer should specify:

1. Required capacity (ml)

2. Liner material (PTFE standard; PPL optional for 280°C operation)

3. Quantity (individual reactors or bulk packs)